Japanese encephalitis

Disease and transmission – Japanese encephalitis (JE) is caused by a virus transmitted via the bite of a mosquito. The mosquitos carrying this disease tend to bite from dusk until dawn and often occur around rice fields. This disease is found around the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asia. Some countries have year round transmission and in some it is seasonal.

Symptoms – Most will have a mild illness but for those who develop the severe disease, 30% can develop permanent neurological problems and 30% will die. JE causes headaches, meningitis, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and convulsions.

Prevention – Following mosquito bite avoidance techniques, especially around dusk. There is a vaccine given in two doses. The second dose is usually given 28 days after the first but there is an accelerated schedule one week apart if required. If at continued risk a booster can be given 12-24 months later.

Treatment – There no treatment for JE and only supportive therapies are available.

Further information. NaTHNaC - Japanese encephalitis