Rabies

Disease and transmission – Rabies is a viral infection that affects the brain and nerves. An infected mammal, commonly dogs, cats, monkeys and bats, transmits the virus through their saliva through a scratch, bite or even a lick. Rabies is present across the world and potential exposure needs to be taken seriously.

Symptoms - Symptoms do not appear for 3-10 weeks so potential exposure needs immediate treatment. Once symptoms appear the disease is fatal. Early symptoms are fever, feeling unwell, pain or numbness at bite site and headache. As disease progresses symptoms include confusion, aggression, hallucinations, muscle spasms and paralysis then death.

Prevention – Be aware of the country risk of where you are visiting. Avoid contact with animals. Children are at particular risk. Be aware in advance of local medical facilities that may have the vaccine or immunoglobulins.

If you bitten, licked or scratched then immediately wash the wound with soap and water, apply antiseptic and bandage, then seek immediate medical attention. Unlike other vaccines due to the seriousness of this disease, if you have a potential exposure you require post exposure treatment. Your choices prior to departure impact what is recommended. Time is of the essence if in contact with a potentially infected animal. A careful assessment is needed to ensure you get the correct treatment.

Prior to travel if there is a risk of rabies then vaccine recommendations are 3 pre exposure doses on days 0, 7 and 21-28 (there is an accelerated course).

Treatment – Once symptoms develop there is no treatment expect making them as comfortable as possible prior to death.

Further information https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/factsheet/20/rabies