Meningitis

Disease and transmission –Meningitis, also known as meningococcal disease, is caused by a bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. There are 6 strains – A,B,C,W,Y and X.  Spread by close contact or through coughs and sneezes. The bacteria can invade the blood stream and cause meningitis or septicaemia. The disease is rare but is more common in Sub- Saharan Africa particularly during the dry season, in a region referred to as the ‘meningitis belt’.

For those attending the Haji or Umrah there is a requirement to show a proof of vaccination (with the quadrivalent vaccine– ACWY) to obtain a visa.

Symptoms – Intense headache, feeling sick and vomiting, unable to look at light and high fever. These can develop quickly or over a few days.  A person with meningococcal septicaemia may have a non-blanching rash glass test and fever, vomiting, joint and muscle pains.  Deterioration followed by coma may be rapid but symptoms can be more general and appear in any order.

Prevention – Practice good respiratory and hand hygiene and avoid those who seem unwell. Avoid crowds in high risk areas. There are vaccines for different strains of meningitis. Children and young adults are now offered B, C and the quadrivalent (A,C,W,Y) via the NHS. Careful assessment is required to see if travellers are at risk and if they require the vaccine or a booster (suggested at every 5 years).

Treatment – Early diagnosis and treatment is vital at a hospital facility. Intravenous antibiotics, fluids and other measures will be needed.

Further information - https://www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk/advice/disease-prevention-advice/meningococcal-meningitis